PARADIGM AND TYPES OF PARADIGM WITH LITTLE INTRODUCTION

PARADIGM


A paradigm is a typical pattern or an example of something.

The Paradigm can be also defined as the idea of a mental picture and patterns of thought.

The concept of paradigm was initially introduced by Thomas Kuhn (1996).


TYPES OF PARADIGM

There consists three types of paradigm:

Like as-

Modernization paradigm

Dependency Paradigm

Participatory Paradigm

Modernization Paradigm

Modernization theory is the theory used to summarize modern transformations of social life. It’s the theory that assumes that with help, "traditional" countries can develop in the same ways "modern" countries did.

Modernization theory not only stresses the process of change, but also the response to that change.

But some communication experts thinks that it has widen the gap between first and third world countries. The third world countries depend even greater upon first world countries for survival.

In this theory the relation between media structure and content is ignored.
According to modernization theories, internal factors in the countries, such as illiteracy, traditional agrarian structure, the traditional attitude of the population, the low division of labor, the lack of communication and infrastructure, etc., are responsible for underdevelopment.

The poorer countries are only following the footsteps of the richer ones.
The role of communication was to promote the spread of values and attitudes of the developed countries.

Here communication is one-way, top-down process and just follow the traditional Sender-message-receiver model.

Dependency Paradigm

Communication in dependency perspectives was seen as a tool to educate the people and forge alliances among developing countries
The focus was on to mass media, which were expected to be placed under the supervision of the state.

This approach tended to ignore the dynamics within developing countries.
Media under the control of the state did not guarantee a more horizontal and people based flow of information.

Participatory Paradigm:


Participatory paradigm based on peoples participation started to gain ground and its importance of actively involving and accounting for people’s perceptions, opinions and beliefs in the decision making process.

Here the two way communication aiming to analyze and solving key issues.
Development agencies and international organizations are convinced of this approach.

The model of communication:
Decision maker A-Dialogue-Decision maker1


Communication is a process involving two or more parties within situations are addressed:

· Solutions identified
· Strategies designed and
· Agreed upon.
· A horizontal model of communication.
· A two way flow of information.

This model is gaining more and more significance in the developed world and its actually based on dialogue and here listening is as important as talking.